一、Reading
Joe is learning how to cook. He has to learn because he wants to start a small restaurant. His mother is teaching him. She used to be a chef at a big restaurant. With her help, he ought to have no problem. l'm sure Joe's restaurant is going to be the best restaurant in town.
二、解析
■ Joe is learning how to cook.
- 时态：现在进行时。
- 主：Joe
- 谓：is learning
- 宾：how to cook.（名词短语，由“疑问词+动词不定式”形成）。
- 疑问副词：how
- 不定式：to cook.
- 虚词：to
- 谓动：cook.
■ He has to learn because he wants to start a small restaurant.
- 主：He
- 谓：has to
- 宾：learn
- 原因状从：learn because he wants to start a small restaurant.
- 引导词：because
- 主：he
- 谓：wants
- 宾：to start a small restaurant.（不定式）
- 虚词：to
- 谓动：start
- 定：a small
- 宾：restaurant.
■ His mother is teaching him.
- 时态：现在进行时。
- 主：His mother
- 谓：is teaching
- 宾：him
■ She used to be a chef at a big restaurant.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：She
- 系：used to be
- 表：a chef
- 地状：at a big restaurant.
used：vi.惯常，向来（恒用过去式）
主语 + used to + 动词原形：以前曾经...
■ With her help, he ought to have no problem.
- 条状：With her help
- 主：he
- 谓：ought to have
- 宾：no problem.
■ l'm sure Joe's restaurant is going to be the best restaurant in town.
= l'm sure（that）Joe's restaurant is going to be the best restaurant in town.
- 主：I
- 系：am
- 表：sure
- 状从：Joe's restaurant is going to be the best restaurant in town.（修改之前的形容词 sure）
- 时态：一般将来时
- 主：Joe's restaurant
- 系：is going to be
- 定：the best
- 表：restaurant
- 地状：in town.
be sure + that引导的状语从句：确定...
in town：在城镇中。town 前习惯不加任何冠词（the）、所有格。
注：
that 引导的从句通常是名词从句，做及物动词的宾语，that 可省略。然，that 从句也可以称为“副词从句”。此句被修饰的词为形容词 sure，副词修饰形容词，因此我们不再称为名词从句，在此句故为副词从句。
三、语法
名词短语
Joe is learning how to cook.
（乔正在学习如何烹饪。）
此处 how to cook称做名词短语，由“疑问词+动词不定式”形成。如：
where to go 到哪儿去
when to do it 什么时候做这件事
how to do it 如何做这件事
what to do 做什么
whom to talk to 要跟谁说话
which to buy 要买哪一个
注意：
- 1）以上这些名词短语中， where、when、how 均为疑问副词，修饰之后的动词不定式。而 what、whom、 which 则为疑问代词，要作动词不定式中及物动词的宾语，如上列名词短语中：what 作 do 之宾语， which 作 buy 的宾语。但疑问代词之后的动词不定式是不及物动词时，则该名词短语之后应有介词，使该疑问代词作该介词之宾语，如"whom to talk to"中， whom 即作介词 to 的宾语。
- 2）名词短语具有名词的功能，在句中通常作及物动词的宾语。在"Joe is learning how to cook 一句中， how to cook 即作及物动词 learn 的现在进行式 is learning 的宾语。
He knows how to handle the problem.（名词短语）
（他懂得如何处理这个问题。）
I don't know whom to work with. (名词短语)
（我不知道要跟谁工作）