• 书写多列子查询
• 在 FROM 子句中使用子查询
• 在SQL中使用单列子查询
• 书写相关子查询
• 使用 EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS 操作符
• 使用子查询更新和删除数据
• 使用 WITH 子句
--多列子查询（不成对比较 & 成对比较）
1. 查询与141号或174号员工的manager_id和department_id相同的其他员工的employee_id, manager_id, department_id
[方式一]
SELECT employee_id, manager_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN
(SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (174,141))
AND department_id IN
(SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (174,141))
AND employee_id NOT IN(174,141);
[方式二]
SELECT employee_id, manager_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE (manager_id, department_id) IN
(SELECT manager_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (141,174))
AND employee_id NOT IN (141,174);
--在 FROM 子句中使用子查询
2. 返回比本部门平均工资高的员工的last_name, department_id, salary及平均工资
[方式一]
select last_name,department_id,salary,
(select avg(salary)from employees e3
where e1.department_id = e3.department_id
group by department_id) avg_salary
from employees e1
where salary >
(select avg(salary)
from employees e2
where e1.department_id = e2.department_id
--group by department_id
)
[方式二]
SELECT a.last_name, a.salary,
a.department_id, b.salavg
FROM employees a, (SELECT department_id,
AVG(salary) salavg
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id) b
WHERE a.department_id = b.department_id
AND a.salary > b.salavg;
--单列子查询表达式
• Oracle8i 只在下列情况下可以使用, 例如:
– SELECT 语句 (FROM 和 WHERE 子句)
– INSERT 语句中的VALUES列表中
• Oracle9i中单列子查询表达式可在下列情况下使用:
– DECODE 和 CASE
– SELECT 中除 GROUP BY 子句以外的所有子句中
3. 显式员工的employee_id,last_name和location。其中，若员工department_id与location_id为1800的department_id相同，则location为’Canada’,其余则为’USA’。
SELECT employee_id, last_name,
(CASE department_id
WHEN (SELECT department_id FROM departments
WHERE location_id = 1800)
THEN 'Canada' ELSE 'USA' END) location
FROM employees;
4. 查询员工的employee_id,last_name,要求按照员工的department_name排序
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees e
ORDER BY (SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id);
5.查询员工中工资大于本部门平均工资的员工的last_name,
salary和其department_id
SELECT last_name, salary, department_id
FROM employees outer
WHERE salary >
(SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =
outer.department_id) ;
6. 若employees表中employee_id与job_history表中employee_id相同的数目不小于2，输出这些相同id的员工的employee_id,last_name和其job_id
SELECT e.employee_id, last_name,e.job_id
FROM employees e
WHERE 2 <= (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM job_history
WHERE employee_id = e.employee_id);
--EXISTS 操作符
• EXISTS 操作符检查在子查询中是否存在满足条件的行
• 如果在子查询中存在满足条件的行:
– 不在子查询中继续查找
– 条件返回 TRUE
7. 查询公司管理者的employee_id,last_name,job_id,
department_id信息
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id
FROM employees outer
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT 'X'
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id =
outer.employee_id);
8. 查询departments表中，不存在于employees表中的部门的department_id和department_name
SELECT department_id, department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 'X'
FROM employees
WHERE department_id
= d.department_id);
--关于数据更新
9.修改表employees,添加department_name列，赋予department_id相应的部门名称。
ALTER TABLE employees
ADD(department_name VARCHAR2(14));
UPDATE employees e
SET department_name =
(SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id);
--关于数据删除
10.删除表employees中，其与emp_history表皆有的数据
DELETE FROM employees E
WHERE employee_id in
(SELECT employee_id
FROM emp_history
WHERE employee_id = E.employee_id);
--WITH 子句
11. 查询公司中各部门的总工资大于公司中各部门的平均总工资的部门信息
WITH
dept_costs AS (
SELECT d.department_name, SUM(e.salary) AS dept_total
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id
GROUP BY d.department_name),
avg_cost AS (
SELECT SUM(dept_total)/COUNT(*) AS dept_avg
FROM dept_costs)
SELECT *
FROM dept_costs
WHERE dept_total >
(SELECT dept_avg
FROM avg_cost)
ORDER BY department_name;
附加题目：
12.查询员工的last_name, department_id, salary.其中员工的salary,department_id与有奖金的任何一个员工的salary,
department_id相同即可
select last_name, department_id, salary
from employees
where (salary,department_id) in (
select salary,department_id
from employees
where commission_pct is not null
)
13.选择工资大于所有JOB_ID = 'SA_MAN'的员工的工资的员工的last_name, job_id, salary
select last_name, job_id, salary
from employees
where salary > all(
select salary
from employees
where job_id = 'SA_MAN'
)
14.选择所有没有管理者的员工的last_name
select last_name
from employees e1
where not exists (
select 'A'
from employees e2
where e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id
)
15. 查询10，50，20号部门的job_id，department_id并且department_id按10，50，20的顺序排列
Column dummy noprint;
select job_id , department_id ,1 dummy
from employees
where department_id = 10
union
select job_id , department_id , 2
from employees
where department_id = 50
union
select job_id , department_id , 3
from employees
where department_id= 20
order by 3